Here, we report the findings from an extensive follow-up of GWAS conducted as part of a collaborative study with the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and The Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) as part of the COGS initiative. Fifty-four loci have been identified so far 1вЂ“ 6.Д«ecause the risks associated with common susceptibility alleles are modest (per-allele odds ratios, ORs, ranging from 1.10вЂ“1.25), it is likely that other predisposition loci for prostate cancer have been missed by previous studies and that such loci should be detectable by studies with larger sample sizes 7. Most susceptibility loci identified thus far are common, low-penetrance variants found through genome-wide association studies (GWAS reviewed in ref. Rosalind A Eeles, 1, 2, 74 Ali Amin Al Olama, 3, 74 Sara Benlloch, 3, 73 Edward J Saunders, 1, 73 Daniel A Leongamornlert, 1, 73 Malgorzata Tymrakiewicz, 1, 73 Maya Ghoussaini, 3, 73 Craig Luccarini, 3, 73 Joe Dennis, 3, 73 Sarah Jugurnauth-Little, 1, 73 Tokhir Dadaev, 1, 73 David E Neal, 4, 5, 73 Freddie C Hamdy, 6, 7, 73 Jenny L Donovan, 8, 73 Ken Muir, 9, 10, 73 Graham G Giles, 11, 12, 73 Gianluca Severi, 11, 12, 73 Fredrik Wiklund, 13, 73 Henrik Gronberg, 13, 73 Christopher A Haiman, 14, 73 Fredrick Schumacher, 14, 73 Brian Henderson, 14, 73 Loic Le Marchand, 15, 73 Sara Lindstrom, 16, 73 Peter Kraft, 16, 73 David J Hunter, 16, 73 Susan Gapstur, 17, 73 Stephen J Chanock, 18, 73 Sonja I Berndt, 18, 73 Demetrius Albanes, 19, 73 Gerald Andriole, 20, 73 Johanna Schleutker, 21, 22, 73 Maren Weischer, 23, 73 Federico Canzian, 24, 73 Elio Riboli, 25, 73 Tim J Key, 26, 73 Ruth Travis, 26, 73 Daniele Campa, 24, 73 Sue A Ingles, 14, 73 Esther M John, 27, 28, 29, 73 Richard B Hayes, 30, 73 Paul DP Pharoah, 3, 73 Nora Pashayan, 3, 73 Kay-Tee Khaw, 31, 73 Janet Stanford, 32, 33, 73 Elaine A Ostrander, 34, 73 Lisa B Signorello, 35, 36, 73 Stephen N Thibodeau, 37, 73 Dan Schaid, 38, 73 Christiane Maier, 39, 40, 73 Walther Vogel, 40, 73 Adam S Kibel, 41, 73 Cezary Cybulski, 42, 73 Jan Lubinski, 42, 73 Cannon-Albright, 43, 44, 73 Hermann Brenner, 45, 73 Jong Y Park, 46, 73 Radka Kaneva, 47, 73 Jyotsna Batra, 48, 73 Amanda B Spurdle, 49, 73 Judith A Clements, 48, 73 Manuel R Teixeira, 50, 51, 73 Ed Dicks, 3 Andrew Lee, 3 Alison Dunning, 3 Caroline Baynes, 3 Don Conroy, 3 Melanie J Maranian, 3 Shahana Ahmed, 3 Koveela Govindasami, 1 Michelle Guy, 1 Rosemary A Wilkinson, 1 Emma J Sawyer, 1 Angela Morgan, 1 David P Dearnaley, 1, 2 Alan Horwich, 1, 2 Robert A Huddart, 1, 2 Vincent S Khoo, 1, 2 Christopher C Parker, 1, 2 Nicholas J Van As, 2 J Woodhouse, 2 Alan Thompson, 2 Tim Dudderidge, 2 Chris Ogden, 2 Colin Cooper, 1, 52 Artitaya Lophatananon, 9 Angela Cox, 53 Melissa Southey, 54 John L Hopper, 12 Dallas R English, 11, 12 Markus Aly, 13, 55 Jan Adolfsson, 56 Jiangfeng Xu, 57 Siqun Zheng, 58 Meredith Yeager, 18, 59 Rudolf Kaaks, 60 W Ryan Diver, 17 Mia M Gaudet, 17 Mariana Stern, 14 Roman Corral, 14 Amit D Joshi, 14 Ahva Shahabi, 14 Tiina Wahlfors, 21 Teuvo J Tammela, 61 Anssi Auvinen, 62 Jarmo Virtamo, 63 Peter Klarskov, 64 BГёrge G Nordestgaard, 23 Andreas RГёder, 65 Sune F Nielsen, 23 Stig E Bojesen, 23 Afshan Siddiq, 66 Liesel FitzGerald, 32 Suzanne Kolb, 32 Erika Kwon, 34 Danielle Karyadi, 34 William J Blot, 35, 36 Wei Zheng, 36 Qiuyin Cai, 36 Shannon K McDonnell, 37 Antje Rinckleb, 39, 40 Bettina Drake, 20 Graham Colditz, 20 Dominika Wokolorczyk, 42 Robert A Stephenson, 44, 67 Craig Teerlink, 43 Heiko Muller, 45 Dietrich Rothenbacher, 45 Thomas A Sellers, 46 Hui-Yi Lin, 46 Chavdar Slavov, 68 Vanio Mitev, 47 Felicity Lose, 49 Srilakshmi Srinivasan, 48 Sofia Maia, 50, 51 Paula Paulo, 50, 51 Ethan Lange, 69 Kathleen A Cooney, 70 Antonis Antoniou, 3 Daniel Vincent, 71 FranГ§ois Bacot, 71 Tessier, 71 The COGSвЂ“Cancer Research UKGWASвЂ“ELLIPSE(part of GAME-ON) Initiative, 72 Australian Prostate Bioresource, 72 UK Genetic Prostate Study Collaborators/British Association of Urological SurgeonsвЂ™ Section of Oncology, 72 UK ProtecT(Prostate testing for cancer and Treatment) Collaborators, 72 PRACTICAL(Prostate Association Group to Investigate Cancer-Associated Alterations in the Genome) Consortium, 72 Zsofia Kote-Jarai, 1, 74 and Douglas F Easton 3, 74Д®pidemiological studies provide strong evidence for genetic predisposition to prostate cancer.

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